In the title compound, C16H22Cl2N2O2, the substituted piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation with both substituents in equatorial positions. In the crystal, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds connect mol­ecules into ribbons along the a-axis direction.

Heavy metal P1B-type ATPases play a critical role in cell survival by maintaining appropriate intracellular metal concentrations. Archaeoglobus fulgidus CopB is a member of this family that transports Cu(II) from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell using ATP as energy source. CopB has a 264 amino acid ATPBD (ATP-binding domain) that is essential for ATP binding and hydrolysis as well as ultimately transducing the energy to the transmembrane metal-binding site for metal occlusion and export. The relevant conformations of this domain during the different steps of the catalytic cycle are still under discussion. Through crystal structures of the apo- and phosphate-bound ATPBDs, with limited proteolysis and fluorescence studies of the apo- and substrate-bound states, we show that the isolated ATPBD of CopB cycles from an open conformation in the apo-state to a closed conformation in the substrate-bound state, then returns to an open conformation suitable for product release. The present work is the first structural report of an ATPBD with its physiologically relevant product (phosphate) bound. The solution studies we have performed help resolve questions on the potential influence of crystal packing on domain conformation. These results explain how phosphate is co-ordinated in ATPase transporters and give an insight into the physiologically relevant conformation of the ATPBD at different steps of the catalytic cycle.

Objectives

To detail the transition to a totally one-stop wide-awake (OSWA) Dupuytren's contracture surgical service.

Design

Retrospective review of Dupuytren's component of last 1000 OSWA cases.

Setting

The UK's first totally one-stop wide-awake orthopaedic service.

Participants

270 patients with Dupuytren's contracture out of the last 1000 OSWA cases.

Main outcome measures

Surgical outcomes, patient satisfaction and cost-effectiveness and efficiency.

Results

The OSWA Dupuytren's model is safe, efficient and effective; with a low complication rate, extremely high patient satisfaction; and cost-savings to the nhs of £2500 per case treated. The service saved the NHS approximately £675,000 for the 270 cases presented.

Conclusions

A totally one-stop wide-awake Dupuytren's Contracture service is practicable and feasible alternative to the conventional treatment pathway, with benefits in terms of efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H11F3N2O2, contains two crystallographically unique mol­ecules which differ in the rotation of a phenyl ring and a –CF3 substituent. The dihedral angles involving the pyrrole ring and the attached phenyl ring are 62.82 (8) and 71.54 (7)° in the two molecules. The difference in the rotation of the CF3 groups with respect to the pyrrolo rings to which they are attached is 23.5(1)°. For one mol­ecule, there is a close contact between an H atom and the centroid of the phenyl ring of an adjacent mol­ecule (2.572 Å). A similar contact is lacking in the second mol­ecule. In the crystal, N—H⋯O inter­actions connect adjacent mol­ecules into a chain normal to (01). Crystallographically unique mol­ecules alternate along the hydrogen-bonded chains.

The X-ray crystal structure of a 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase homolog of unknown function has been determined at 1.5 Å resolution. The protein retains residues required for pterin binding, but nearly all catalytic residues are missing.

The X-ray crystal structure of the 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) homolog from Streptomyces coelicolor, SCO 6650, was solved at 1.5 Å resolution. SCO 6650 forms a hexameric T-fold that closely resembles other PTPS proteins. The biological activity of SCO 6650 is unknown, but it lacks both a required active-site zinc metal ion and the essential catalytic triad and does not catalyze the PTPS reaction. However, SCO 6650 maintains active-site residues consistent with binding a pterin-like substrate.

The X-ray crystal structure of the 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS) homolog from Streptomyces coelicolor, SCO 6650, was solved at 1.5 Å resolution. SCO 6650 forms a hexameric T-fold that closely resembles other PTPS proteins. The biological activity of SCO 6650 is unknown, but it lacks both a required active-site zinc metal ion and the essential catalytic triad and does not catalyze the PTPS reaction. However, SCO 6650 maintains active-site residues consistent with binding a pterin-like substrate.

Mutation of Tyr94 of E. coli thymidylate synthase to phenylalanine leads to a protein with k cat reduced by a factor of 400. The Y94F structure is essentially identical to the wild-type structure, which is consistent with a catalytic role for the phenolic OH.

Tyr94 of Escherichia coli thymidylate synthase is thought to be involved, either directly or by activation of a water molecule, in the abstraction of a proton from C5 of the 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate (dUMP) substrate. Mutation of Tyr94 leads to a 400-fold loss in catalytic activity. The structure of the Y94F mutant has been determined in the native state and as a ternary complex with thymidine 5′-monophosphate (dTMP) and 10-propargyl 5,8-dideazafolate (PDDF). There are no structural changes ascribable to the mutation other than loss of a water molecule hydrogen bonded to the tyrosine OH, which is consistent with a catalytic role for the phenolic OH.