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In the title compound, {[Ag3(C10H8N2)3](ClO4)3·2H2O}n, one of the AgI ions, one of the 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands and one of the perchlorate anions are each situated on a twofold rotation axis. Each AgI ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two bridging bipy ligands, forming chains along [101]. π–π inter­actions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.638 (8) and 3.688 (8) Å] connect the chains. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the uncoord­inated water mol­ecules and the perchlorate anions.

In the title compound, [Ag2(C6H6NO3S)2(C10H8N2)2]n, the AgI atom is four-coordinated by two N atoms from two symmetry-related 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) and two O atoms from two independent 4-amino­benzene­sulfonate (ABS) ligands. The two inter-chain AgI atoms are bridged by two independent ABS ligands through weak Ag—O bonds and Ag⋯Ag attractions, forming a ladder-like chain coordination polymer [Ag2(ABS)2(bipy)2]n parallel to [001], which is further linked to generate a two-dimensional structure via N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions.

In the structure of the title compound, 2[Ag(C10H8N2)(H2O)](C7H6NO2)(NO3)·H2O, the AgI atom is three-coordinated in a T-shaped configuration by two N atoms from two symmetry-related 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands at short distances and by one water O atom at a longer distance. Each bipy ligand bridges two neighbouring AgI atoms, forming a chain structure extending parallel to [101]. The complete 4-amino­benzoate anion, the nitrate anion and the uncoordinated water mol­ecule are located on mirror planes: together with the coordinated water mol­ecule, they form N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, stabilizing the crystal structure.

In the title complex, [Ag(NO3)(C5H5NO)]n, the AgI atom is coordinated by two O atoms from two different 4-pyridone ligands and two O atoms from one nitrate anion, displaying a nearly planar coordination geometry. The O atoms of two 4-pyridone ligands bridge two symmetrically related AgNO3 units, forming a dimer, with an Ag⋯Ag separation of 3.680 (2) Å. Neighbouring dimers are linked into an infinite chain through weak Ag⋯O inter­actions [2.765 (2) Å], Ag⋯Ag inter­actions [3.1511 (4) Å] and π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.623 (4) Å]. N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds assemble these chains into a three-dimensional network.

In the title compound, K[Co(CO3)2(C10H8N2)]·2H2O, the Co(III) atom is coordinated by two bipyridine N atoms and four O atoms from two bidentate chelating carbonate anions, and thus adopts a distorted octa­hedral N2O4 environment. The [Co(bipy)(CO3)2]− (bipy is 2,2′-bipyridine) ­units are stacked along [100] via π–π stacking inter­actions, with inter­planar distances between the bipyridine rings of 3.36 (4) and 3.44 (6) Å, forming chains. Classical O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions link the chains, forming channels along (100) in which the K+ ions reside and leading to a three-dimensional supra­molecular architecture.

In the title coordination polymer, [Ag(C14H8NO2)]n, the AgI cation is coordinated by two O atoms and one N atom from two symmetry-related acridine-9-carboxyl­ate ligands in a distorted trigonal-planar geometry. The metal atoms are connected by the ligands to form chains running parallel to the b axis. π–π stacking inter­actions [centroid-to-centroid distances 3.757 (2)–3.820 (2) Å] and weak Ag⋯O inter­actions further link the chains to form a layer network parallel to the ab plane. The AgI cation is disordered over two positions, with refined site-occupancy factors of 0.73 (3):0.27 (3).

In the mononuclear title complex, [Ag(NO3)(C10H6N4)2], two κ2 N:N′-chelating 5-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile ligands surround the AgI atom, forming an N4O square-pyramidal coordination geometry with one nitrate anion bonding at the apical site. The two heterocyclic rings of the 5-(2-pyridin-2-­yl)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile ligand are almost coplanar [dihedral angle = 5.63 (8)°], and the two chelating ligands are in an anti relationship. The mononuclear units are inter­connected along [010] through C—H⋯O(nitrate) and C—H⋯N(cyano) inter­actions, forming an infinite chain. The mononuclear units are stacked along the a axis and inter­connected via inter­molecular π–π stacking inter­actions between adjacent pyridine and pyrazine rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.984 (2) and 3.595 (3) Å], thus forming a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure.

The title mononuclear CuII complex, [Cu(C8H5O3)2(C10H8N2)], is comprised of a CuII cation, two 4-formyl­benzoate (L −) ligands and a 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligand. The CuII ion and bipy ligand lie on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis; the CuII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from one bipy ligand and two O atoms from two different carboxyl­ate groups of two L − ligands, exhibiting effectively a distorted square-planar geometry. The complex mol­ecules are inter­linked to generate two-dimensional supra­molecular layers in the ab plane, formed by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, where the O acceptor is the O atom from the carboxyl­ate group not involved in coordination to the CuII ion. The two-dimensional layers are stacked in a sequence via C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions where the formyl O atom acts as acceptor.

In the title complex, [Ag2(C12H8N2O4)(C10H8N2)2]·2H2O, the AgI ion is three-coordinated by two N atoms from a chelating 2,2′-bipyridine ligand and one N atom from an imide ligand in a Y-shaped fashion. The imide ligand and the complex lie on a twofold rotation axis. The ligand bridges two AgI ions, forming a dinuclear complex. In the crystal, O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the lattice water mol­ecules and the complex mol­ecules into a ribbon-like structure along [001]. π–π inter­actions are observed between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8289 (14) Å].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ag(NO2)(C14H14N4)]n, contains half of the repeating formula unit (Z′ = 1/2). The AgI ion lies on a twofold rotation axis. The primary structure consists of a one-dimensional coordination polymer formed by the AgI ions and the bipyridyl azine ligand in which there is an inversion center at the mid-point of the N—N bond. The nitrite anion inter­acts with the AgI ion through a chelating μ2 inter­action involving both O atoms. In the crystal, the coordination chains are parallel and inter­act through Ag⋯π [3.220 (2) Å] and π–π [3.489 (3) Å] inter­actions.

In the macrocyclic centrosymmetric dinuclear complex, [Ag2(C19H14N6S2)2](ClO4)2, the AgI atom, bis­{[4-(2-pyrid­yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]sulfan­yl}methane (2-bppt) ligand and perchlorate anion each lie on a twofold rotation axis. The 2-bppt ligand chelates two four-coordinated AgI atoms through its two bipyridine-like arms. The O atoms of the perchlorate anion are disordered each over two positions of equal occupancy. Adjacent complex mol­ecules are linked by π–π inter­actions between the pyridine and pyrimidine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.663 (8) Å].

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, {[Zn(C7H7O2)2(C10H8N2)]·4H2O}n, contains a highly distorted octa­hedral ZnII metal center strongly coordinated by two N atoms of two 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) ligands and chelated by two 4-methyl­benzoate anions. The crystallographic inversion center and glide plane present at the center of the C—C single bond of 4,4′-bipy, along with the cis coordination motif of the 4,4′-bipy, lead to one-dimensional zigzag chains. There are a large number of water mol­ecules in the crystal structure, which also form one-dimensional chains through O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, {[Mn(C8H4O4)(C10H8N2)(H2O)]·H2O}n, the MnII centre is octa­hedrally coordinated by three O atoms from two 5-methoxy­isophthalate (CH3O-ip) ligands, a fourth from a coordinated water mol­ecule and two N atoms from one chelating 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2-bipy) ligand. Each pair of adjacent MnII atoms is bridged by a CH3O-ip ligand, forming a helical chain running along a crystallographic 21 axis in the c-axis direction. These chains are decorated with 2,2′-bipy ligands on alternating sides. O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving the water molecules stabilizes the crystal structure.

In the title compound, [PdCl2(C10H8N2)]·CH2Cl2, the Pd2+ ion is four-coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar environment by two N atoms of the 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligand and two chloride ions. The compound displays intra­molecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and pairs of complex mol­ecules are connected by inter­molecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. Inter­molecular π–π inter­actions are present between the pyridine rings of the ligand, the shortest centroid–centroid distance being 4.096 (3) Å. As a result of the electronic nature of the chelate ring, it is possible to create π–π inter­actions to its symmetry-related counterpart [3.720 (2) Å] and also with a pyridine ring [3.570 (3) Å] of the bipy unit. The present structure is a redetermination of a previous structure [Vicente et al. (1997 ▶). Private communication (refcode PYCXMN02). CCDC, Cambridge, England]. In the new structure refinement all H atoms were located in a difference Fourier synthesis. Their coordinates were refined freely, together with isotropic displacement parameters.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu2(N3)2(C10H8N2)]n, each CuI atom is coordinated by two symmetry-related azide anions and 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands in a strongly distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The Cu atom and the azide anion occupy general positions while the bipy mol­ecule is located on a centre of inversion. Each two symmetry-related copper(I) cations and two symmetry-related azide anions form dimers, which are additionally connected by the anions into layers. These layers are linked by the 4,4′-bipyridine ligands into a three-dimensional coordination network.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(NCS)(C10H8N2)]n, the CuI atom is coordinated by two N atoms from two symmetry-related 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands and one N and one S atom from two symmetry-related thio­cyanate ligands in a distorted tetra­hedral environment. The thio­cyanate ligands bridge the CuI atoms into a zigzag [CuSCN]n chain running parallel to the a axis. These chains are further connected through two bipy ligands that bridge the CuI centers to generate a two-dimensional brick-like network. The pyridyl planes of the ligands exhibit a dihedral angle of 37.35 (12)°.

The silver(I) complex, [Ag(C5H3BrNO3S)]n, was obtained by reaction of AgNO3 and 5-bromopyridine-3-sulfonic acid. The AgI ion is coordinated by an O3N donor set in a slightly distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The AgI ions are linked by μ4-5-bromo­pyridine-3-sulfonate ligands, forming a layer parallel to (100). The layers are further connected via C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding inter­actions into a three-dimensional supra­molecular network. The Ag⋯Ag separation is 3.0159 (6) Å, indicating the presence of argentophilic inter­actions.

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [Ni(C10H8N2)(H2O)4]SO4, consists of a complex [Ni(bipy)(H2O)4]2+ cation (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and a non-coordinating [SO4]2− anion. The NiII atom is six-coordinated in a distorted octa­hedral geometry defined by the two N atoms of the bipy ligand and four water O atoms. The crystal structure contains extensive classical O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the ions into a two-dimensional array in the ab plane. Layers are connected into a three-dimensional supra­molecular structure by C—H⋯O inter­actions.

In the title centrosymmetric complex, [Ag2(ClO4)2(C10H7N3)2], the unique AgI ion is coordinated by an N atom from a carbonitrile group, an N atom from a symmetry-related pyrazole group and an O atom of a perchlorate ligand to form a distorted T-shaped environment. Two 3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)benzonitrile ligands each bridge two AgI ions to form a dinuclear complex. In the crystal structure, there are weak Ag⋯O inter­actions within the range 2.70–3.01 Å linking dimeric units into layers approximately parallel to (100). The O atoms of the perchlorate ligand are disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.570 (11) and 0.430 (11), respectively.

In the title coordination polymer, [Pb(C7H5O2)(NO3)(C10H8N2)]n, the PbII ion is eight-coordinated by two N atoms from one 2,2′-bipyridine ligand, two O atoms from one benzoate anion and four O atoms from three nitrate groups (one chelating, two bridging) in a distorted dodecahedral geometry. Adjacent PbII ions are linked by bridging nitrate O atoms through the central Pb2O2 and Pb2O4N2 cores, resulting in an infinite chain structure along the b axis. The crystal structure is stabilized by π–π stacking inter­actions between 2,2′-bipyridine and benzoate ligands belonging to neighboring chains, with shortest centroid–centroid distances of 3.685 (8) and 3.564 (8) Å.

The hydro­thermal reaction of butane-1,2,3,4-tetra­carboxylic acid (H4butca), 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy) and Mn(SO4)2·H2O afforded a new co-crystal, C8H10O8·2C10H8N2 or H4butca·2(bipy), in which strong O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding and weak π–π stacking [centroid–centroid distance = 3.8459 (19) Å] inter­actions assemble the organic mol­ecules into a three-dimensional supra­molecular framework. C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present. The whole mol­ecule has inversion symmetry.

In the title organic–inorganic hybrid vanadate complex, [Cu2V6O17(C10H8N2)4]n, the CuII atom is six-coordinated by two chelating 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands and two vanadate O atoms in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. Two [Cu(bipy)2V3O8] units are linked by a bridging O atom, which lies on an inversion center, forming a dimeric unit. The dimeric units are further connected by bridging vanadate O atoms into a two-dimensional layer parallel to (100). The layers are connected by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

In the polymeric title compound, [Co(C9H9O3)2(C10H8N2)]n, the CoII ion is located on a twofold rotation axis and is six-coordinated by two N atoms from two 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) ligands in axial positions and by four O atoms from four 2-phen­oxy­propionate (POPA) anions in equatorial positions, defining a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. The carboxyl­ate group of the POPA anion displays a bis-monodentate mode, linking pairs of CoII ions into a chain parallel to [001]. Adjacent chains are connected in a perpendicular manner through 4,4′-bipy ligands into layers parallel to (100). The 4,4′-bipy ligand is likewise located on a twofold rotation axis, with a dihedral angle between the two pyridine rings of 57.05 (7)°. C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions are present within the layers. π–π stacking inter­actions between the POPA benzene rings of neighbouring layers [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.976 (3) Å and plane-to-plane distance = 3.618 (3) Å] stabilize the packing of the structure.

In the title centrosymmetric binuclear AgI complex, [Ag2(NO3)2(C12H10N4)2], each AgI center is coordinated by one pyridine and one benzotriazole N-donor atom of two inversion-related 2-(3-pyridylmeth­yl)-2H-benzotriazole (L) ligands, and an O atom of a coordinated NO3 − anion in a distorted T-shaped geometry. This forms a unique box-like cyclic dimer with an intra­molecular non-bonding Ag⋯Ag separation of 6.327 (2) Å. Weak inter­molecular Ag⋯O(nitrate) inter­actions [2.728 (4) and 2.646 (3) Å] link the binuclear units, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (100). Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, involving the L ligands and the coordinated NO3 − anions, link the sheets, forming a three-dimensional framework.

In the title complex, [Ag(C7H10N2O2S)2]NO3, the AgI cation is bicoordinated in an almost linear configuration by two N-donor atoms of the thia­zole rings of two distinct ethyl 2-amino-4-thia­zoleacetate (EATA) ligands. The dihedral angle between the two thia­zole rings is 49.9°. A weak Ag⋯O (2.729 Å) inter­action between the Ag cation and one of the O atoms from the nitrate anion is observed, and a pseudo-dimer is formed through a weak Ag⋯S (3.490 Å) inter­action between the Ag cation and the S atom of the thia­zole ring of a symmetry-related mol­ecule. In the crystal structure, there are intra- and inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The occurrence of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds results in the formation of two-dimensional sheets parallel to (010), which are further linked into a three-dimensional network through weak C—H⋯O inter­actions.