Desmoid tumors are rare benign mesenchymal tumors that may occur in non-syndromic or syndromic forms. The syndromic form is termed as Gardner’s syndrome where there may be multiple desmoid tumors in the soft tissues and the mesentery in association with colonic polyps, sebaceous cyst and ostomas [
3].
Radiographic findings in the childhood desmoid tumors are nonspecific, showing appearances from a localized, circumscribed soft tissue mass to an aggressive tumor with local invasion, as seen with malignant neoplasm. The plain film, CT scan, sonographic, and MR characteristics are similar to those of other benign and malignant mesenchymal tumors. Although these examinations are not specific, they can help define tumor margins and extent [
4].
The definite diagnosis of desmoid tumors is made histologically only on biopsy or after surgery. Pathological examination reveals a poorly circumscribed, firm, infiltrative grayish-white trabeculated mass that blends into the adjacent soft tissues. Elongated, slender, spindle-shaped cells and dense, often hyalinized, collagen fibers are arranged in bundles. The cellularity of the lesions and mitoses are quite variable but rarely of the degree to suggest a fibrosarcoma. In fact, fibrosarcoma of soft tissues have hardly ever been reported between the age of 6 months and 10 years [
5].
The only known treatment in childhood desmoid tumors is wide surgical extirpation. Local recurrences are common with some of the series having reported a recurrence rate of 60%. Positive surgical margins at initial resection predict future recurrence. The anatomic site, size of the mass and histopathologic features are unreliable indicators. Simple excision has been known to have a higher recurrence rate as compared to wide extirpation, but the latter may not be always possible. As such, extensive extirpative surgeries have been known to result in major morbidity. Fortunately, the histologic pattern remains more or less static through a number of local recurrences. It would never become mitotically active and evolve into a fibrosarcoma. An increase in mature collagen may be the only noticeable change [
5,
6,
7].
Radiotherapy has been used for local recurrence following one or more surgical resections in adults. Radiotherapy has been also administered for non-resectable desmoid tumors as well as those that could be excised only sub-totally. Post-operative radiation can improve the rate of local control for patients with a high risk of recurrence. As desmoid tumors tend to be locally infiltrative, fields must be very generous to prevent marginal recurrence [
8,
9].
Systemic chemotherapy offers an alternative to ablative surgery in the event of local failure following radiation therapy. Combination chemotherapy has also been advocated in unresectable tumors. Regional chemotherapy has also been used in conjunction with wide excision with persistent, widely invasive desmoid tumors. The precise indication for their use in childhood desmoid tumors is not well defined [
8,
9,
10].
For adult patients with desmoid tumors that are not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, the use of hormonal agents and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been attempted, with some success [
10].
Rarely, an expectant therapy has been advocated for unresectable lesions as some of these tumors have been known to regress spontaneously. Spontaneous regression has been noted in female subjects at the onset of either the menarche or the menopause, suggesting that hormonal change might be involved. The premise of such an advocacy is that it is not a malignant condition and has never metastasized. But then there are other researchers who report that the cells of desmoid tumor were highly proliferative with their biological activity bearing resemblance to fibrosarcoma and believe in grouping desmoid tumors as of low grade malignancy [
7,
11].
and Nita Khurana
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