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Published online 2012 April 17. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-12-50
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Copyright ©2012 Schwenk et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Table 3
Falls and proportion of injurious falls as reported in the RCTs
Ref.Sample size, nAll falls, nProportion of injurious falls to all falls, % (n)
TotalFractureSeriousModerateHealthcare use
Definitions based only on symptoms
Fracture definition
[40]98115274.5% (68)2.1%(32)1
2.4%(36)2		---
[41]1964603.6% (7)3.6%(7)3---
[42]24227511.3% (31)11.3%(31)3---
[43]2.2565.4044.6% (246)4.6%(246)3-[59.2% (3.198)]8-
AIS definition
[46]38461923.4% (145)2.4% (15)4
2.9%(18)5		-18.1%(112)9-
[47]1997828.2% (22)2.6%(2)1
2.6%(2)2		-23.1%(18)7-
[48]2308956.2% (50)1.1%(1)1
4.5%(4)2		14.6%(13)636%(32)10-
Other definition
[49]59751063.5% (324)----
[54]18632239,4% (127)----
[55]59795748,0% (459)----
[62]3603678.2% (30)1.9%(7)36.3% (23)--
Definitions based on symptoms and health care use
FICSIT definition
[56]28823824.0% (57)-24.0% (57)--
[59]29125835.7% (92)-12.0% (31)-23.6%(61)11
Campbell et al. definition
[36]23324045.8% (110)-10.4% (25)35.4% (85)-
[60]15235840.5% (145)-9.5% (34)31.0% (111)-
[38]39144351.5% (228)-6.8% (30)44.7% (198)25.5%(113)11
[37]31258455.8% (326)-3.6% (21)52.2% (305)-
[61]24018948.1% (91)-5.8% (11)42.3% (80)23.3% (44)11
Other definition
[63]547129940.3% (523)-4.2% (54)--
[64]3.1823.81430.5% (1.163)5.1%(193)3--14.6% (558)11
2.9%(111)12
[66]18811121.6% (24)-2.7% (3)18.9% (21)17.1%(19)12
[67]7054614.6% (80)0.4%(2)1
3.3%(18)2		---
[68]1.0901.44855.5% (804)---8.6% (124)13
Definitions based only on health care use
[70]272330.4% (7)---30.4% (7)14
[74]3.1393.77621.7% (821)---21.7% (821)15
[75]34922413.5% (47)---9.2%(32)16
4.3%(15)17
[76]39282012.2% (100)---12.2%(100)12,16,17
Range:3.6-63.5%0.4-11.3%2.7-24.0%18.1-52.2%2.9-30.4%
CV:50.1%51.51868.0%35.4%46.8%
Displayed are falls (number) and injurious falls (proportion = injurious falls/falls * 100; number) as reported in the RCTs. Injurious falls data are given for the following categories: total, fracture, serious, moderate, healthcare use
n = number; AIS = Abbreviated Injury Scale; FICSIT = Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques. CV = Coefficient of variation [(SD/mean) × 100]) as a measure of the variability (%) of injurious falls outcomes between studies. 1Hip fracture; 2other fracture (except hip); 3fracture type not specified; 4hip or other femoral fractures; 5vertebral or wrist fracture; 6pain, injury, medical help required; 7Injuries; no fracture; 8bruise, abrasion or muscle injury without fracture, results are not included in analysis as only fractures were defined; 9superficial wounds and bruises; 10pain, minor injury, friends help needed, Bruises and no help needed; 11medical care; 12hospitalised falls; 13medical treatment; 14hospitalisation, emergency department visits or physician visits; 15medical attention; 16general practitioner surgery; 17accident and emergency department; 18total fracture incidence per study
For the following reference calculation of the proportion of injurious falls is not possible as data on the number of falls and/or number of injurious falls are not available: [44,45,50-53,57,58,65,69,71-73]. Reference [39] uses the same data as [36] and is therefore not included in the table
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