Transient or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is a well known complication in thyroid surgery with reported incidences of 5-8% and 1-3%, respectively . Diplegia has an incidence of 0.4% . Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an important cause of peripheral neurosensitivity, particularly autonomic neuropathy, which can lead to transient or permanent laryngeal nerve palsy when neural structures are involved during surgery. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the physiopathology of these neurological disorders, but the actual mechanism is still unknown. Herein we report on two patients with IBD presenting with transient bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after total thyroidectomy without any evident mechanical or traumatic manoeuvres on apparently preserved nerves.