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Appl Microbiol. 1974 September; 28(3): 456–459.
PMCID: PMC186742
Ice Nucleation Induced by Pseudomonas syringae1
Leroy R. Maki, Elizabeth L. Galyan, Mei-Mon Chang-Chien, and Daniel R. Caldwell
Division of Microbiology and Veterinary Medicine, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071
1 Wyoming Agricultural Experiment Station Journal article no. 673.
Abstract
Broth cultures of suspensions of Pseudomonas syringae isolated from decaying alder leaves (Alnus tenuifolia) were found to freeze at very warm (-1.8 to -3.8 C) temperatures. The initiation of freezing appears associated with the intact cell and not with extracellular material. Chemical treatments and physical destruction of the cell destroy activity. Bacteria must be in concentrations of approximately 106/ml before freezing at warm temperatures occurs.
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